Criminal Prosecution Services of Pakistan - 1463 Words

Criminal Prosecution Services of Pakistan Introduction In Pakistan, public prosecution is a provincial subject. Thus, matters pertaining to administration and financial control of the prosecution service are within the purview of the provincial government. On the other hand, matters pertaining to rules of procedure and duties of prosecutors at criminal trials are governed by the Criminal Procedure Code of 1898. The prosecution service throughout had remained under the home department, and had been regulated by the police from which the public prosecutors and deputy public were drawn from the ranks of deputy superintendents of police and inspectors. Under no condition was any officer below the rank of sub-inspector authorized to act as a†¦show more content†¦Appointment of Prosecutors All the appointments, except that of the prosecutor general, to various posts in the service are to be made through initial recruitment whereas, at least fifty percent appointments on the posts of additional prosecutor general and deputy prosecutor general are to be made through promotion. No direct recruitment is to be made on regular basis to the posts of district public prosecutor, deputy district public prosecutor, assistant district prosecutor, additional prosecutor general and deputy prosecutor general except on the recommendation of the provincial public service commission: Functions of the Prosecutors 1. The Prosecutors are responsible for the conduct of prosecution on behalf of the Government. 2. The prosecutor general or if so authorized by him, an additional prosecutor general distribute work to the prosecutors in the supreme court, the high court, the federal shariat court or a special court established under any law for the time being in force. 3. A district public prosecutor distributes work to the prosecutors with respect to the courts of session and courts of magistrates within a district. 4. A police report including a report of cancellation of the first information report or a request for discharge of a suspect or an accused is to be submitted to a Court through the Prosecutor. 5. The Prosecutor scrutinize the report or the request and may ; a. Return the same within three days to theShow MoreRelatedThe Cia And Central Intelligence Agency1310 Words   |  6 Pagesindicates that the CIA worked with groups that were known to be involved in drug trafficking. 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Impact of Emotional and General Intelligence †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Emotional and General Intelligence. Answer: Introduction Luft and Ingham (1955) came up with the Johari window concept which constitutes four quadrants models designed to increase effectiveness in relationships within a given group. By observing how one present and receive different information, an individual can evaluate information that is known to themselves and others and also what is not known to themselves and others (Davis Yen 1999 p. 4). Through interpersonal communication, an individual can evaluate, describe, and predict the aspects of their own life by exploring the observations in each window of Johari model concept. Information is communicated through verbal and nonverbal styles, feelings and thoughts, facts and opinions, as well as impressions. The window model addresses real-life situations that enable individuals to improve their communication process, relations within a group, and also develop their self-esteem Theoretically, The Johari window is a simple and useful tool for depicting and bettering self-awareness and common apprehension of someone within a group. It also plays a big role in enhancing the relationship of persons in a group. The tool is influential in interpersonal and intergroup development hence used to represents an individual or groups feelings, experiences, attitudes, and purposes. The information is used to develop self-awareness and self-development. Self-awareness is cognizing yourself and analyzing your accomplishments while self-development refers to the realization of ones desires for personal growth. Johari window model consists of four quadrants as discussed below. Open self It is the quadrant where personal information such as behavior, attitude, motivations, feelings, knowledge, views, skills, and experiences are known to self and others too (Luft Ingham 1955). The basic information about other people is identified by asking other persons about themselves. It seems more like one opens up to others who they are. It is usually not very large at first meeting (DeVito, 2015 p29). Increase in self-disclosure implies trust in others, self-acceptance and reduction in need for defensiveness. Giving personal information about you, encourages other people to also reveal something about themselves in return. The disclosure is beneficial as it leads to a more stable self-perception and increases ones self-esteem. This window describes the information which one is aware of and is knownto others too. One can improve the open area by seeking constant feedbacks from other people. Also the group members can help develop the open area to hidden area through asking ques tions. Blind Self This window describes the aspects about oneself that one is unaware of and is conveyed to others in terms of verbal cues, mannerisms, the tonal variations, or the style one uses in relating to others. It can also be referred to as ignorance about oneself or the issues that one is deluded about. Blind self area aims at increasing self-awareness through feedback soliciting from other people Sometimes other people deliberately withhold this information. The tone of voice used can be misinterpreted. Being aware of these types of behaviors helps avoid interpersonal conflicts and increases sensitivity in when communicating with others. Through sensitive feedback, one can improve the blind spot window to open self-window which is favorable to team work (Luft Ingham 1955). It helps in increasing the open area especially when group members take responsibilities to help one another to improve their blind area. The faade The third window describes those traits known about ourselves, but we are unwilling to disclose to others. They include the information or feelings we knew about ourselves but kept hidden to others (Luft Ingham 1955). It includes sensitivities, manipulative intentions, fears, secrets or anything that a person is not willing to reveal. Sometimes we do not reveal the information as we fear how others might react to it or fear that there is not enough needed support to share the information. Relevant information that may have an impact on a team should easily move to the open window through processes such as self-disclosure and exposure. Through self-disclosure, one can expose relevant information to open area. For effective productivity of a group, self-disclosure is important as it builds trust and understanding and cooperation. Self-disclosure also reduces misunderstanding and confusion within a group leading to team effectiveness. Unknown self The last window describes unknown information that neither the person nor other people are aware of regarding some behaviors or motives they portray. The unknown self-manifests regarding behaviors, feelings, and attitudes It is only assumed that they exist as most of these behaviors influence how we relate to others without anyone noticing. Some of this information may never be known and can be latent abilities, information or feelings learned during early childhood experiences. Some of this information can is observed during sessions such as counseling and sometimes self-discovery. Soliciting feedback can also shed some light on some of the information in this window (Luft Ingham 1955). The information can be positive and useful when in a team as others are in a position to understand you better Strengths, weaknesses and areas of improvement The Johari window represents personality traits in understanding ourselves and the self-imposed limitations. The quadrant provides a deeper understanding of oneself by highlighting some of the strengths and weakness one possess enabling them to be able to find ways of improving different aspects of their personalities through feedback and self-reflection. According to Howard (2003, p 30) developing a person's strengths increases their response to learning experiences, which helps in improving their weaknesses as well as their strengths. This is more evident through the feedbacks from different individuals or team members. After conducting the assessment, I noticed that I am a hard worker and take the necessary steps to complete given tasks, I do have respect for authority and very detailed when it comes to my work. From the other students assessment, it was evident that I am very proactive and loyal to those associated with me. I am also self-aware of my traits which according to Howard is a prerequisite for self-discipline and self-improvement. The capability enables emotional maturity when responding to internal and external stimuli. Other strengths according to my assessment are that I am good at explaining and helping others and that I have patience and provide clarity when explaining things to others as indicated by other students evaluation. Through the emotional intelligence test, one can identify their weaknesses. Some weaknesses that I identified during the assessment are that I have a tendency of avoiding confrontations and conflicts and also asserting my needs. I also find it hard trying something new which was more evident from the assessment of other students of me. It can be categorized in the Johari window of blind self concept. The assessment revealed that I tend to avoid new challenges and not willing to accept change easily. The tendency of avoiding new thing is a big weakness which requires improvement (McCrae Costa 2001, p. 1282). Through the assessment, I noticed that I have an introvert personality that makes me come across as an unattached and serious person without me realizing, yet for the people who know me know I am not like that. I am perceived as unattached and serious because I tend to be private when I do not know someone, and I only open up to the people who know me. According to Lam and Kirby (2002, p. 136), evaluating and improving ones emotional intelligence leads to improvement of their weaknesses. The emotional intelligence can be learned and developed and improved. After weaknesses are identified, observing how one reacts to different situations and other people would be of great help in improving one's weaknesses, for example, reacting to stressful situations such as a conflict as they occur. Being open, acceptance, stating my thoughts would be more helpful. Also recognizing and accepting that I am not perfect and makes mistakes is also another big step in improving my weaknesses. Another way of improving oneself is by taking responsibilities for wrongdoings and being empathetic to others. This would go a long way in promoting social awareness and managing ones relationships with others. Competency refers to acquiring skills, capabilities, and knowledge needed for job performance. Developing effective, competent skills is essential as it develops what one is capable of doing. Integrating ones strength with the competencies is important as it ensures success in performances. Competency matters when determining the job requirements and performance standards. The skills and knowledge are equally important. Competency requires the right and appropriate attitude that translates to one's behavior (Barner, 2000. 49). Competency in the organization is not the type of knowledge one learns at ago; it requires a combination of knowledge acquisition in the classroom, internship training in an organization to enhance confidence, required knowledge, develop necessary skills, and experience, and also an obligation of continuing education on a life-long basis. Mintzberg (2013, P.44) stated that management combines skills such as leading, actions, thinking, and deciding, all together and not applying them individually. Below are some of the competency skills I would like to develop. Innovation- Innovations enable one to have a competitive edge in the market place. Innovations help a company grow and compete in the global market no matter how small the company is. Emotional Intelligence- One will experience different faces in the course of conducting daily business activities and in times of profitability or crisis; one would have to keep a gentle emotion and balancesoas to think about steps and benefits for the organization (Goleman McKee, 2002 p72). Valuing diversity- It refers to accepting and respecting the differences between different cultures in an organization and learning to interact with them without creating conflicts. Establishing focus- The competency enables one to develop and communicate effectively in support of the goal of the business, or team activity. It is essential in fulfilling the business goal. Fostering Teamwork- Fostered teamwork would enable one to work cooperatively with others as a team member. It would enable one learn their short comings and find ways of improving them. Team work competency also assists in becoming more acceptable to different kind of behaviors from people of different cultural backgrounds. Interpersonal Awareness- Becoming interpersonally aware is the ability to be sensitive to other peoples concerns and feelings and being able to tolerate and communicate them empathetically. Building Collaborative Relationships- Maintaining, developing and strengthening partnerships with other people within and outside the organization can provide support and information that might be helpful in one's growth. Initiative- Taking action when one has identified what needs to be done and doing it before the situation requires it. Flexibility- Flexibility enables adaptability to new ways of doing things. The willingness to modify and change preferred ways of doing things. Conclusion The Johari Window offers many insights to a persons way of communication. Self-disclosure involves taking risks and allowing others to assist you in knowing yourself. It is also notable that other people only know about us only if we share the information with them. Otherwise, one can keep all the information about them hidden. Getting feedback helps people increase chances of self-awareness, self-management, social management and relationships with others which is important in the development of competencies needed in handling different life situations. Self-assessment is also fundamental in enabling one to identify their strengths, weaknesses and also come up with ways of improving themselves. List of References Barner, R. 2000. Five steps to leadership competencies. Training Development. 54(3), 47-51. Davis, W., Yen, D. 1999.The information system consultant's handbook. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Pres DeVito, J. 2015. Interpersonal Communication Book (14th ed.). Harlow, Essex, England: Pearson Education Limited, p 28-32 Gardner, H, 2003. Intelligence Reframed. New York: Bantam Booksgroups, p 24-32 Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R.E., McKee, A. 2002.Primal Leadership: Realising the Power of Emotional Intelligence. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, p 68-74 Howard Gardner, 2003 One Way To Make Social Scientist. New York Intelligence Reframed: Multiple Intelligences for the 21st century Lam, L.T. Kirby, S.L. 2002.Is emotional intelligence an advantage? An exploration of the impact of emotional and general intelligence on individual performance.The Journal of Social Psychology, 142 (1), 133-143. Luft, J., Ingham, H. (1955). The Johari window, a graphic model of interpersonal awareness. In Luft Ingham, Proceedings of the western training laboratory in group development (1st ed.). Los Angeles: University of California Press McCrae, R.R., Costa, P.T. 2001. Self-concept and the stability of personality: Cross-Sectional comparisons of self-reports and ratings.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 1282-1292 Mintsberg, H. 2013. Simple Managing. What Managers Do Better.Berrett-Koehler,p 42-48

Analysing Person Centred Planning Social Work Essay Example

Analysing Person Centred Planning Social Work Essay Example Analysing Person Centred Planning Social Work Essay Analysing Person Centred Planning Social Work Essay The articles used in this annotated bibliography focal point on person-centred planning and they explain the stairss involved in inventing the program and guaranting that it is carried out. It describes all of the important subjects necessary to a program ; a few illustrations are volitions and estate planning, the Henson Trust and individualized support. The articles focus on the fact that people with developmental disablements should hold the same rights and same picks as the remainder of the population and be a causal member of their community and society as a whole. Person-centred planning topographic points complete control of the planning procedure and on the individual with the disablement. However, it offers aid and pertinent information to the individual, so that he or she is able to do informed determinations independently. Individualized Support: Vision, Rights and Principles. ( 1997, June 8,9 ) . Retrieved January 18, 2011, from Individualized Funding Information Resources: hypertext transfer protocol: //members.shaw.ca/ bsalisbury/IF % 20 % 20Visions, % 20 Rights % 20 amp ; % 20Princi ples.htm This article represents and defines the end of individualised support ( IF ) . It inspires people who need support to go dynamic and full participators of society, to holding single entree to the services elected by them. This empowers them to populate independent lives, as set out by the individualised support. Individualized support offers resources which individuals consider important in order to lend as a citizen of society. Individualized support is collectible entirely to the person who needs support or trusted representative and focuses on the demands of the individual. IF is besides movable in and across regional boundary lines, ministries and sections of government.Advantages of IF are that it is non based on privilege or appraisal, nor does it modulate funding bounds by categorizations or classs. Individualized support is besides concentrated on the financess an single demands for community life. However, the demands do include wellbeing, safety, mobility and citizenship. T his article is highly encouraging to people who need support, as it delivers the message of community populating through picks, and strives to develop a community, which is inclusive of all people. Planning Tools and Techniques. ( 2003 ) . Retrieved January 21, 2010, from The Particular Needs Planing Group: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.specialneedsplanning.ca/tools.html # # H The Henson Trust originated in Guelph, Ontario in the early 1980aa‚Â ¬a„?s by a adult male named Leonard Henson who had a girl with a developmental disablement. It is besides referred to as Absolute Trust and Discretionary Trust. This article covers the account and the history of the Henson Trust. It was begun so that people with developmental disablements could retain their assets every bit good as continuing their ODSP benefits when they become the donee of a will. Keeping their assets allows more fiscal freedom to take where and how they would wish to populate. The article does non mention to whether or non the Henson Trust is limited to the parents of a individual with a disablement. However, it does offer an unreplaceable description of the Henson Trust and the narrative of how it became. Through doggedness and love for his girl, one adult male created the Henson Trust, which today benefits all people with disablements by continuing their right to maintain their ass ets while having ODSP benefits. Volitions for people with an rational disablement. ( 2004, September ) . Retrieved February 13, 2011, from Intellectual Disability Rights Service: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.idrs.org.au /pubs/for-pwid.html This article contains information on volitions, and the fact that everyone has the right to take if they want one, including people with an rational disablement. There are a batch of picks and determinations to be made when an single desires a will. The article addresses all people, and contains extra information for individuals with an rational disablement who would wish a will. The article describes the stairss that lead to the authorship of a will, explains extra stairss, which a individual with an rational disablement needs to take, such as holding a formal appraisal of capacity performed on them, to diminish the possibility of the will being contested once the will shaper is deceased. A formal appraisal of capacity would turn out that the will shaper to the full understood what he or she was making at the clip the will was drawn up and signed. Due to the copiousness of information merely mentioned, I do non experience as though this article is losing any pertinent information si ng volitions and estate picks. Daegher, L. ( 2007 ) . Planing for the Future: Peoples with a disablement. Retrieved January 20, 2011, from Department of Families, Community Services and Autochthonal Personal businesss: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fahcsia.gov.au /sa/carers/pubs/Documents/ PeopleWithDisability /Planning_for_the_Future.pdf This article contains priceless instruction on Future Planning for a people with developmental disablements. While be aftering for a household member with a developmental disabilitysaa‚Â ¬a„? hereafter, it is imperative to recognize the aspirations and dreams of the individual, along with the hopes of the household in this affair. This helps to make a position of how her or his hereafter may be, and develop a strategy to transport it out. Locating information to back up them in doing picks may be restricted to attorneies and fiscal contrivers, who lack experience and cognition in future planning for a individual with a developmental disablement. The planning should be inclusive of all the household membersaa‚Â ¬a„? demands, soon and in the hereafter, while remaining focused on the demands of the person with the developmental disablement, and including and valuing their penetration and sentiments. The article is really enlightening and offers a batch of advic e and freedom of pick to the individual with the disablement every bit good as his or her household. OBrien, J. , A ; Pearpoint, J. ( 1946 ) . Person Centered Planing With Maps and Path: A Workbook for Facilitators. Toronto: Inclusion Press. This article explains what maps and waies are and how they relate to individual centred planning. Maps and Paths are a agencies of recovering lost dreams and supplying hope and picks by conveying people together to envision and act upon holding meaningful and productive hereafters. Maps and Paths is religious, which is why it can non be bureaucratized, and is used to assist all individuals. Person centred planning requires facilitators to unfeignedly listen to persons hopes and frights. Maps and Paths topographic points control on the person, every bit long as it is ethical. The article is simple to understand really descriptive of what Maps and Paths is, when we use it, ( an illustration is when we experience challenges in life and necessitate support ) , and the fact that it has more than one definition to it. It focuses on the facilitators sharing power with people instead than seeking to exhibit power over them. Maps and Paths vision addresses the persons. Byrnes, F. ( 2011 ) . Doctrine of Developmental Disabilities Services. Retrieved February 11, 2011, from Article Doctor Health and Fitness Articles: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.articledoctor.com/ developmental-disabilities/philosophy-of- developmental -disabilities-services-1679 This article portrays Competence and the importance of it in respects to individuals with developmental disablements. Developmental disablements services follow a certain point of view, which helps an affected individual to populate a better life. Broadly speech production, the attitude of Developmental disablements services is by and large changeless with a set of regulating rules and the guiding rules of service. Among the regulating rules of most such services is one, which says that individuals with developmental disablements will be able to pass on to their households, friends and communities harmonizing to their pick. Affected individuals should be every bit independent as possible and be in a place to modulate the class of their ain lives. Peoples with developmental disablements must be provided the opportunity to do picks in life that do non sabotage their wellness and safety, and such picks must ever be valued and respected. These first rules form the footing of doctrine of most development disablements services. The guiding rules that are followed for functioning affected individuals besides play a cardinal function in finding the doctrine of developmental disablements services. Individualization high spots on an affected individual s self-pride, which can be developed by safeguarding regard, by doing them lend expressively to their life and community environment. The basic doctrine followed by Developmental disablements services besides includes the following thoughts that people with developmental disablements must hold the same rights, privileges, chances and duties as other members of the community. A Person Centered Organization. ( n.d. ) . Retrieved February 12, 2011, from Compass Coordination Inc. : hypertext transfer protocol: //www.compasstn.org /index.html This narrative of leading is about Compass Coordination Inc. Their person-centered enterprise is an international attempt to back up organisations in holding better results for the people they support. Through part in the creativeness, organisations learn how to use individual centered believing accomplishments to the lives of people supported and in the patterns of the organisation, utilizing managers groups and leading groups to sort barriers and facilitate alterations within system. Compass participates in the enterprise in a figure of ways. Compass is working with stakeholders and within organisations to plan and implement patterns that grip person-centered thought and planning and pattern across the service bringing system. Members of their leading squad are working with other leaders to go adept at utilizing person-centered tools. Since their origin, Compass has held certain person-centered patterns as cardinal to our nucleus values. Mount, B. ( 2011 ) . What is a Circle of Support. Retrieved February 26, 2011, from Child- Autism-Parent-Cafe: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.child-autism-parent -cafe.com/circle.html This article contains specific information on what a Circle of Support is. A circle of support is a group of people interested in acquiring together to help a focal individual enhance and spread out his or her life by assisting to make cardinal personal ends. Persons with restrictions have traditionally been excluded from meaningful relationships and experiences in the community that encompasses them. However, everyone learns and expands their universes through household, friends and experiences. Circle members provide new and originative trails and webs to increasing experiences in the community, like suited and stable employment, a safe and healthy topographic point to populate, transit, diversion and exercising and chances to pass on with a caring individual, etc. The point to retrieve is that individuals with developmental disablements miss out on the simple day-to-day human contacts and pleasance we all enjoy. See the followers to assist choose members for our persons: Think abo ut all the people involved in their life and who are the people that are closest, these are the people you should ask for to the planning meeting. Each member determines his or her ain involvement and committedness. What is SIS. ( 2011 ) . Retrieved February 16, 2011, from American Association On Intellectual and Developmental Disibilities: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.siswebsite.org /cs/product_info This article defines the Supports Intensity Scale and degrees of support for persons with a developmental disablement. The Supports Intensity Scale is a computation tool that evaluates practical support demands of a individual with an rational disablement. Available in print and electronic formats, SIS contains of an interview and profile signifier that tests support demands in multiple countries. SIS is wide-ranging and employs the consumer in a positive interview procedure. The appraisal is done through an interview with the person, and those who know the individual good. SIS measures support demands in the countries of place life, community life, womb-to-tomb acquisition, employment, wellness and safety, societal activities, and protection and protagonism. The Scale ranks each activity harmonizing to frequence. Traditionally, a individual s degree of developmental disablement has been measured by the accomplishments the single deficiencies. SIS shifts the focal point from deficien cies to demands. The Scale assesses practical supports people with developmental disablements need to take independent lives. The SIS should be administered by a professional in the human services field. An overview of the Passport Initiative. ( 2008 ) . Retrieved February 13, 2011, from Developmental Services Toronto: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dsto.com/upload /Passport_Initiative_brochure.pdf This article promotes the Passport to Community Living. Passport to Community Living is funded by the Ministry of Community and Social Services to back up grownups who have a developmental disablement, who have left school, and necessitate supports to partake in community activities. Through this enterprise, the participants who are accepted for support can buy services and supports that will enable their community engagement harmonizing to their involvements and strong points. Participants can take to do their ain commissariats to buy supports and/or to entree services through community-based bureaus. The passport enterprise is designed for grownups who have a developmental disablement, have left school, and necessitate supports to take part in their communities. Salzer, M. , A ; Baron, R. C. ( 2006, November ) . Promoting Community Integration: Increasing the Presence and Participation of Peoples with Psychiatric and Developmental Disabilities in Community Life. Retrieved January 28, 2011, from UPENN Collaborative on Community Integration: hypertext transfer protocol: //tucollaborative.org/pdfs/ Toolkits_Monographs_Guidebooks /community_inclu sion/Increa sing_the_Presence_and_Participation _of_People_with_Psychiatric_Disabilities.pdf This article is brooding of the importance of Community Presence and Participation. To assist people with disablements play a more robust function in the civic life of their communities, plans could supply educational scheduling to clients to familiarise them with local, and regional, issues. Forums in which political campaigners or civic groups could discourse both sides of controversial issues. Particularly those in which groups of clients may hold a particular involvement. Create and utilize practice voting booths before local and national elections to assist familiarise clients with the processs of voting Besides to spur their involvement in take parting in the election procedure. Support clients as they volunteer in civic groups that address public issues, assisting clients to find their personal involvements and fiting clients to local involvement and protagonism groups in the community. Education is to assist people DD jobs resume and complete their instructions and to better fix them for better-paid employment, plans could. Work with local schools, community colleges, and universities to develop academic plans that provide supports people may necessitate successfully using to and finishing enfranchisement and/or degree plans. Develop educational ushers for consumers that both promote them to go on their instructions and supply them with helpful intimations with respect to applications, scholarships, class work, and degree/certification completion. Identify bing scholarship support for consumers who wish to go on their instruction, assist consumers in using for those financess, and recommend for new support to back up these educational enterprises. Developmental Disabilities Division. ( n.d. ) . Retrieved February 9, 2011, from Liberity Resources: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.liberty-resources.org /programs/dd.cfm This article clearly emphasizes the importance of Respect of people with developmental disablements. All occupants create ends for themselves that are documented on a day-to-day footing. Every six months a formal meeting is held to reexamine their advancement and/or do alterations that will profit each specific individual. Staff work on ends with consumers as outlined in the individualised residential programs and help the consumer in planning activities that meet their demands and desires. Success is measured by an betterment in the quality of life and is monitored through tracking end advancement. Opportunities exist to go a voluntary or an advocator for many of the persons in these plans. Many of them do non hold involved household member and would welcome run intoing new people. The staff individuals are an built-in support system, but the benefits of a community advocator would be enriching. The committedness to go an advocate minimally involves attending at a six month planning /review meetings. This annotated bibliography consists og an copiousness of information which will be pertinent to anyone who would wish to understand or transport out individual directed planning. This bibliography is a perfect illustration of how much engagement is required by a Developmental Service Worker to guarantee they a right back uping persons with a developmental disablement.

Free Essays on The Effects of Attachment Styles on Relationship Functioning

THE EFFECTS OF ATTACHMENT STYLES ON RELATIONSHIP FUNCTIONING Jeffry A. Simpson, in the article â€Å"Influence of attachment styles on romantic relationships† (1990) said, â€Å"Study of individual differences in attachment styles is likely to contribute significantly to our understanding of why close relationships vary in both their quality and interpersonal nature.† Recent research in the past few decades has proposed that the attachment style a person has which is developed by the childhood relationships with parents and important attachment figures is an important determinant in the experience of romantic love in later years. There has been increasing scientific support that attachment plays an important role in adult attachment and romantic relationships. In this respect, this paper will focus on the effects of attachment styles of adults in relationship functioning and satisfaction. In this respect the research question I will be focusing on will be â€Å"How do the attachment styles in adults affect relationship functioni ng and satisfaction?† I first see the need to form a conceptual background on the issue of attachment. The emotional bond between infants and their mothers can be seen in both humans as well as in many other animals. When an infant needs his mother and she is unavailable, such as in the case of separation, the infant is extremely distracted, he protests and searches for the mother. If such searching fails, the infant becomes depressed, and can even enter a state of disregard for and avoidance of the mother if she returns. Attachment is first introduced by Bowlby (1969, 1973, 1979, 1980) to explain how infants become emotionally attached to their primary caregivers and how stressful they become when separated. After Bowlby's theory, researchers began to investigate individual differences in attachment styles. Ainsworth and her colleagues (e.g., 1978, 1982) have identified three major attachment patterns based on ... Free Essays on The Effects of Attachment Styles on Relationship Functioning Free Essays on The Effects of Attachment Styles on Relationship Functioning THE EFFECTS OF ATTACHMENT STYLES ON RELATIONSHIP FUNCTIONING Jeffry A. Simpson, in the article â€Å"Influence of attachment styles on romantic relationships† (1990) said, â€Å"Study of individual differences in attachment styles is likely to contribute significantly to our understanding of why close relationships vary in both their quality and interpersonal nature.† Recent research in the past few decades has proposed that the attachment style a person has which is developed by the childhood relationships with parents and important attachment figures is an important determinant in the experience of romantic love in later years. There has been increasing scientific support that attachment plays an important role in adult attachment and romantic relationships. In this respect, this paper will focus on the effects of attachment styles of adults in relationship functioning and satisfaction. In this respect the research question I will be focusing on will be â€Å"How do the attachment styles in adults affect relationship functioni ng and satisfaction?† I first see the need to form a conceptual background on the issue of attachment. The emotional bond between infants and their mothers can be seen in both humans as well as in many other animals. When an infant needs his mother and she is unavailable, such as in the case of separation, the infant is extremely distracted, he protests and searches for the mother. If such searching fails, the infant becomes depressed, and can even enter a state of disregard for and avoidance of the mother if she returns. Attachment is first introduced by Bowlby (1969, 1973, 1979, 1980) to explain how infants become emotionally attached to their primary caregivers and how stressful they become when separated. After Bowlby's theory, researchers began to investigate individual differences in attachment styles. Ainsworth and her colleagues (e.g., 1978, 1982) have identified three major attachment patterns based on ...

Psychological and Physiological Effects of Stress-induced Stimuli Essay

Psychological and Physiological Effects of Stress-induced Stimuli - Essay Example Stress and human health often go hand-in-hand as much clinical research supports that each individual's response to stress has immediate, and sometimes long-term, effects on mental and biological health. The stress reponse is the reaction to stressors, or the events and circumstances that trigger sensations of pressure, frustration or anxiety. There are distinct biological and psychological changes that occur in an individual when exposed to stressful situations and, depending on the nature of the stressful event, the body's stress response can become more intense. Each individual maintains a variety of potential stressful stimuli, including life changes, work-related pressure or even self-induced stress brought on by psychological irrationality in which the individual maintains a self-defeating attitude towards their self value. There are any number of situations in which a person might feel overwhelmed by life situations, however, the response to the stress (whether catastrophic or perceived) varies in intensity based on each individual's ability to cope with the stressors. It is often the cognitive approach to coping with stress that makes the distinct difference between a healthy or a rather unhealthy stress response. Almost immediately after being exposed to a stressful si... Almost immediately after being exposed to a stressful situation, the brain's hypothalamus stimulates the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system and the adrenal glands to release stress hormones such as adrenaline and norepinephrine into the blood - leading to increases in heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and perspiration (Morris & Maisto, 2005). From a physiological standpoint, the stress Stress Response 4 response can be related to the physical, chemical effects on the body and the severity of long-term health effects vary by individual. A well-adjusted person, who purposefully recognises these physical changes when confronting stress, might begin a regimen of stress-relieving practices, such as meditation or breathing exercises, to bring the physiological effects down to a more controlled level. A person who is easily overwhelmed by stress may act inappropriately to these hormonal changes or become, in the long-term, a maladaptive person based on an inability to mentally cope with the stress. This indicates the relationship between the physical stress response and the psychological effects of long-term exposure to stress stimuli. Physiological Effects of Stress When the body recognises stress-related environments, the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system affords the body an opportunity to perform vigorous muscle activity, suggesting that the biology of this stimulation is to prepare the body for increased activity; sometimes viewing stress as a perceived threat. The sympathetic nervous system increases arterial pressure and increases blood flow to active muscles, thus increasing glycolysis and increasing muscle strength (Loomis, 2005). Glycolysis, by simple definition, is a metabolic process that

Samulnori (Korean percussions) practice experience Lab Report

Samulnori (Korean percussions) practice experience - Lab Report Example The subsequent paragraphs give a detailed account of how the genre originated, more about the four mentioned instruments including their respective symbols and the material they (instruments) were made off, the pioneers of this genre and finally, the repertoire that existed for Samulnori. Samulnori is not only a development but also a revival of a music tradition that went by the name Pungmul (also called the Framer’s music). Samulnori came in to being when the two Kims (Kim Doksu and Kim YogBe) first performed at a concert, a shrunk form of Pungmul, which was initially characterized by a large number of actors, at times, an entire village would be urged to take up various roles for the success of the same. The name that the genre bears was given after a short while just after the concert by U-Song (Hesselink, 41). The name was used to connote both the reduced number of performers and instruments used in the playing of Pungmul. The number of instruments (as mentioned earlier) was reduced to four, while that of performers on some occasions was also four but during some performances, the number went up by one person. Despite the changes seen, Samulnori performers retained the dress code which was being used by the Pungmul performers. As mentioned earlier, the performance of Samulnori was characterized by the use of four instruments. However, each one of them had both its own distinctive symbol and the role it played (each instrument had something it represented and also, something was compared to). For instance, kkwenggwari, which was a small hand-held gong often made of either silver or gold trace, was played by the person leading a given group (all groups were led by a kkwenggwari player). The leader played the instrument by the use of the bamboo mallet. This instrument represented a star but in terms of comparison, it was compared

European Recovery Program Essay Example for Free

European Recovery Program Essay His proposal would become known as the European Recovery Program, better known as the Marshall Plan. In his speech Marshall extended an offer to the Soviets. Certainly all of Europe was included in the proposal. Stalin was interested in the plan. Lenin had spoken of trade with the communist enemy when that enemy was in collapse. Stalin thought that if these were the correct circumstances then the Soviets could use the Marshall Plan as they wished. Such was not the case. American opposition to the Plan included such conservatives as Taft on the Right and Wallace on the Left. This opposition was much weakened by the seizing of the democratic government of Czechoslovakia in February 1948 (Kunz par. 20). Before that, in September, 1947, Andrei Zhdanov of the Politburo spoke before the Cominform for Eastern Europe to assert that the imperialists were trying to support fascist regimes (Zhdanov par. 2). He wanted the imperialist intrigues to be contained. George Kennan also wanted containment- of the communists and, if need be, of the Soviets. Kennan and William Clayton, both of the US State Department, had contributed greatly to the origination of the Marshall Plan. Kennan thought the world was becoming polarized into giant camps of freedom vs. everyone else. The Soviet Union as the centerpiece of concern would come later. Bernard Baruch, an American advisor, had introduced the term Cold War in April, 1947 (Cold War par. 1). Meanwhile, the communists of France and Italy were of immediate threat in Western Europe. These two nations were part of the fifteen nations that the Marshall Plan would aid. The others were Austria, Belgium, Denmark, West Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Iceland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and Turkey (Marshall Plan par. 21). President Truman signed the Marshall Plan on April 3, 1948. The major items for the Europeans in 1948 were to be coal, steel, grains, and machinery (Judd par. 9). In the first year, food constituted half of all of the Marshall aid. Over the long haul, sixty percent was spend on food, fertilizer, and industrial goods. One sixth of the total was for fuel. Another one sixth was spent on machinery and vehicles. In sum, thirteen billion dollars of aid passed from the USA to Western Europe from 1948 to 1951 (DeLong and Eichengreen par. 3). The food, feed, and fertilizer consumed a little over three billion dollars of the total. Shortly after the Marshall Plan went into effect, Italys anti-communist and pro-Marshall Plan party won a majority. And then in France, after the communists won a plurality in 1945, they were on their way out in 1951 due to French economic prosperity. This prosperity in France and elsewhere was not of a minor magnitude. After 1948 Western Europe got its greatest economic growth ever recorded. The German part of the recovery became known as the wirtschaftwunder, or economic miracle (Kunz par. 3). Meanwhile, in Eastern Europe, the Soviets were determined to see central planning become a reality. To that end, a forced industrialization was started which was to remove Eastern Europe from any influence by the Marshall Plan. Eastern European nations became satellites of the Soviets, as members of the Warsaw Pact, and got little civilian development in exchange for military support and control. The end products of manufacture and the harvests were directed to the Soviets. No financial or economic stability was developed by these countries. The Marshall Plan made the division of Europe definitive. The Plan seriously damaged the Western European communists’ efforts. Furthermore, the Marshall Plan has been termed inconceivable without the Cold War (Cronin 281). Soon enough, not only was the Marshall Plan in place to aid in the restoration of Western Europe, but it became a vital component in the Cold War. In the Cold War in Western Europe, Germany was a key country. It was to be split in two with the former Allies of WWII in Western Germany and the Soviets in Eastern Germany. But an odd development came about with Berlin, also spilt into east and west components, existing deep within Soviet controlled East Germany. This did not sit well with the Soviets and so they began a blockade of highways and roads into West Berlin in June, 1948.